Lights of the North: Exploring the Aurora borealis

The Northern Lights, or auroras, are nature’s way of reminding us that the universe is both beautiful and terrifying. A silent explosion of color in the night sky, this celestial ballet has captivated humans for centuries, leaving us to invent myths, shake our fists at the heavens, or simply stare, slack-jawed, into the cold night. Image is courtesy of Unsplash.com Science, But Make It Mystical At its core, the Northern Lights are the result of solar wind—charged particles flung from the sun—smacking into Earth’s magnetic field. Picture a cosmic game of billiards where the sun fires off tiny particles at 1 million miles per hour, only for them to be ensnared by Earth’s magnetic forces and hurled toward the poles. When these particles collide with oxygen and nitrogen in our upper atmosphere, they light up like a neon sign outside a seedy bar, albeit far more poetic. The color palette depends on altitude and the type of gas involved. Green—oxygen at lower altitudes—dominates,...